Frankenstein - 1237 Words

Literature: Frankenstein Essay Frankenstein is a gothic horror novel that was written by Mary Shelly and was published in 1818, when gothic aesthetic, romanticism and science were beginning to spike in western culture. The novel follows the story of Victor Frankenstein in creating a monster which causes destruction around him, as Victor had ambition and thirst to reveal the secrets of nature. The novel could be viewed as a warning to the readers and audience about having a greed for knowledge and power. Mary Shelley explores the idea of having obtained too much knowledge and curiosity and playing god which involves consequences and dangers that come with it throughout the text. It also compares the human development of emotions and has†¦show more content†¦Robert discontinued his journey of discoveries, taking into account Victor’s advice and emotions that saved Robert from generating his own misery, guilt and regrets. There is a difference referencing creation through the biblical story of Adam and Eve, Victor rejected his creation and then the monster starts to tell his side of his story. By doing this, it positions the readers to feel sympathy for the monster. â€Å"Remember, that I am thy creature: I ought to be thy Adam† – page 66, the creature makes the connections and reference between his creator, Victor and God, himself and Adam. â€Å"Like Adam, I was created apparently united by no link to any other being in existence but his state was far from different from mine in every other respect†. In the biblical tale of Adam and Eve, Adam was cared for and had experienced a happy existence compared to the creature, unlike the monster that was neglected by his own creation and lived in total despair and anger. This powered the monster to be destructive and to swear by to seek revenge on his creator, unlike Adam and Eve, they did not. The difference between Adam and the creation is that, the companionship that is present in Adam and the absent companionship in Frankenstein with the monster. Adam’s creator created Eve as his companion, while Victor did not create a companion for the monster, therefore leaving him feeling lonely and miserable. â€Å"You must create a female for me, with whom I can live in the interchange ofShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Victor Frankenstein988 Words   |  4 PagesLane Johnson Mr. Jones English 12 Honors/4th Period March 15, 2015 Victor Frankenstein and his creation surprisingly share many of the same characteristics. Even though Frankenstein is an ugly, unwanted creature, he and Victor withhold an obvious connection throughout the novel. However, Victor and Frankenstein also share their differences as well. Victor was raised in a very caring and loving home. His parents gave Victor everything he wanted and Victor grew up with great friends. Victor’s parentsRead MoreFrankenstein And Frankenstein Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesfictional characters, most famously in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, in 1667, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, in 1818. The complexity of the characters in these texts creates the theme of nature versus nurture before they diverge and arrive at differing conclusions. Many critics arose over the years to contest the main character of Milton’s epic. Shelley, arguably Milton’s greatest critic, wrote Frankenstein to contrast her views on the conflict between creator and creation. She also uses an unconventionalRead MoreFrankenstein1112 Words   |  5 Pagesas a reflection of context. The capacity of thematic concerns to transcend time are manifested within Mary Shelley s 19th century gothic novel Frankenstein (1818) and Ridley Scott s dystopian science fiction film Blade Runner (1992) as both pose markedly similar existentialist discourses regarding the fate of humanity. Through Frankenstein , Shelley s romantic approach condemns humanity s intrusive assumption as creator during an era where scientific hubris prompted people to abandonRead MoreFrankenstein1009 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelly’s Frankenstein seems to be an exact representation of the ideas of the 17th century philosopher John Locke. In Locke’s  "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding,† he talks about the idea that we as humans are all born with a ‘blank slate’ that contains no knowledge whatsoever and that we can only know that things exist if we first experience them through sensation and reflection. In Frankenstein, the monster portrays Locke’s ideas of gaining knowledge perfectly through worldly experienceRead MoreFrankenstein: Technology1728 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein: Technology In Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, written in the late nineteenth century by Mary Shelley, Shelley proposes that knowledge and its effects can be dangerous to individuals and all of humanity. Frankenstein was one of our first and still is one of our best cautionary tales about scientific research.. Shelleys novel is a metaphor of the problems technology is causing today. Learn from me. . . at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledgeRead MoreFrankenstein Critique866 Words   |  4 PagesAs Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, she poured much time into portraying her characters and making them believable and life-like. Her scenes are painted with beautiful, descriptive words that are colored with vivid emotions and applicable morals. Her life experiences were strategically placed in her writing to convey a sense of reality and completion of plots and subplots. Her experience with failed love ties in with the emotion that she expresses the loneliness of Frankenstein’s creation. She developsRead MoreCharacters in Frankenstein1261 Words   |  6 PagescenterbExamine the way in which characters are portrayed in the novel./b/center br brIn the novel Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, the characters have been portrayed effectively. Much of the interactions between characters, and characteristics of the characters have been based on events which have occurred in Shelley s own life, or th ey represent what she believes is important. For example, Victor is portrayed as having a strong passion for science, and a poor understanding ofRead MoreFrankenstein : The Way Frankenstein, And His Creation1275 Words   |  6 Pagesprevalent in Shelly’s novel is the way Frankenstein, and his creation, are controlled by their emotions. Frankenstein is continually ruled by his feelings of fear, guilt, and love throughout the novel. For instance, he works for nearly two years to accomplish his goal of creating life, only to immediately flee because of fear when his work comes to life. This was a major illustration for the reader that despite being an experienced scientist Frankenstein was still ruled by emotions. In a largeRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - Victor Frankenstein is to Blame1046 Words   |  5 PagesVictor Frankenstein is to Blame Can an intense appetency for the pursuit of knowledge result in fatal consequences? In most situations when a strong desire is present consequences are seldom taken into consideration. In the novel, Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein pursues knowledge in an obsessive manner that blinds him to the possible effects. Victor Frankenstein is the primary cause of his creatures desolation. Indeed, Victor Frankenstein is at fault for the creatures isolation andRead More Victor Frankenstein is the Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein566 Words   |  3 PagesVictor Frankenstein is the Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through out the novel we are under the assumption that the demon in the novel is the man who is disfigured and hideous on the outside. While we view Victor Frankenstein as the handsome and caring victim, even though sometimes a monster cannot be seen but heard. Looks can be deceiving but actions are always true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We first view Frankenstein’s ignorance while he is busy in his work. He had not visited his family for

Organizational Behaviours Globalize Business Structure

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behaviours for Globalize Business Structure. Answer: Introduction: In the present globalize business structure; interaction among the people from diverse backgrounds has become necessary. In fact, people are no longer work in an insular environment; rather they are now part of a global economy competing within a worldwide framework. Now, diversity can reflected as an understanding, acknowledging, valuing differences and accepting among the people with respect to race, gender, class, age, disabilities, etc (Okoro Washington, 2012). For that reason, organizations will have to be extremely careful regarding the proper management of diversified people at the workplace for ensuring the effectiveness of the operational process remains at the highest order. In this study, the prime focus will be provided on the issues related to diversity management that organization will have to face in order to fulfil all the business objectives in an appropriate manner. The study will also try to highlight the advantages that organizations can achieve by the effective utilization of diversified workforce. Discussion: As per the article Podsiadlowski et al. (2013) workplace diversity is an extremely controversial, complex and political phenomenon that can have major impact on the overall effectiveness of the business processes. The workplace diversity concept has been evaluated from several viewpoints. As mentioned by Alczar, Fernndez and Gardey (2013) organizations need to narrow down the cultural diversity to specific categories, as it can reduce the amount of challenges faced by the organizations for the fulfilment of all the responsibilities in an appropriate manner. However, several studies have opposed this concept, as they have mentioned that organizations need to utilize diversified workforce for enhancing the effectiveness of the operational process. Utilization of diversified workforce actually allows organizations to handle global challenges in an effective way. In fact, organizations need to focus on effective recruitment of talents rather than focusing on their backgrounds. Now, it is necessary for the organizations to implement effective strategies so that the entire workforce can able to work towards the organizational goals and objectives. Barak (2013) have highlighted several forces that are creating diversified issues within the organizational structure. For instance, increasing number of minority group people at the workplace, increasing number of women at the workforce, people with disabilities and gay, lesbian or bisexual people are becoming part of workforce can actually enhance the issues related to diversified workforce. Now, including people from diversified background and managing them in an appropriate manner is a completely different ball game all together. Organizations will have to focus on the effective utilization of wide range of strategies, approaches and initiatives for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an appropriate manner. No single strategies will be comprehensive enough to resolve all the issues associated with the diversified workforce management issues (Wrench, 2014). It has been assessed that different organizations have initiated different approaches based on the issues. For instance, p roviding training to the employees for ensuring all the issues related to diversified workforce can be resolved in an effective manner. As a result, it can be easily increase the cost associated with the overall operational process. For that reason, Jonsen et al. (2013) have mentioned that including diversified workforce not necessarily help to enhance the profit level of the organization. In fact, it heavily depends on the process by which organizations are utilizing people from diversified background for the effective fulfilment of the operational process. However, in present competitive business environment, it has become necessary for the organizations to focus on the effective selection of talents for gaining competitive advantage in the market. As per the article by Kirton and Greene (2015) if businesses are able to engage in diversity in an effective manner, it will increase synergy among the employees, varied roles and tasks, varied network contacts. As a result, it helps to increase the overall effectiveness of the operational process of the organization. Valuing diversity in the organizational structure can help organizations to capitalize on the heterogeneity perspectives, which will eventually allow including superior quality of talents in the workplace. Furthermore, as the organizations are looking to conduct businesses all across the world, effective utilization of diversified workforce will allow communicating with all potential customers in an appropriate manner. For instance, Avon Corporation has initially faced huge cha llenges to conduct businesses in the world market but is now among the highest profitable organization after the effective utilization of diversified workforce (bloomberg.com, 2016). Furthermore, effective utilization of diversified workforce allows organization to handle the challenges associated with the business expansion perspectives in the world market. Utilization of diversified workforce allows organizations to counter the cross-cultural challenges in an appropriate manner (Lauring, 2013). Proper evaluation of the cross-cultural challenges is extremely crucial, as it allows organizations to understand the needs, perspectives and values of the customers from different cultural background in an appropriate manner. It can also help to increase the level of knowledge of the organizations, which is critical for gaining competitive advantage in the market. Thus, it can be assessed that diversity workforce management is crucial for achieving sustainable growth in the market. Otherwi se, it can also create several challenges for the organizations, which will eventually create adverse impact on the profitability perspectives of the organizations. As per the article by Harvey and Allard (2015), increasing diversity at the workplace enhance the probability of interpersonal conflicts. As a result, it creates several adverse impacts on the profitability perspectives of the organization. It has been assessed that employees from different cultural backgrounds tends to have differences in beliefs, opinion, trends, values and tradition. Thus, it often creates confusion regarding the effectiveness of the decision-making process. Therefore, it has become necessary for the organizations to initiate proper guidance to all the employees to avoid such consequences. Firstly, organizations need to provide training facilities to the all the employees for enhancing the knowledge regarding the significance of including diversified workforce. In addition, training also needs to focus on the effective development of communicational structure so that all the employees can able to fulfil the provided organizational responsibilities in an appropriat e manner. Furthermore, organizations also need to maintain fairness among the entire employee group for keeping their motivation rate at the optimum level (Okoro Washington, 2012). Thus, management of the organizations need to develop such work environment here no employee feel neglected by the organizations. Otherwise, it will create direct adverse impact on the overall profitability perspective of the organization. It has been assessed that all the major organizations like Microsoft, Facebook and IBM have tried to develop several functions or activities for all the employees so that the bonding level among the people remains at the highest level (bna.com, 2016). As per the article by Afzal et al. (2013), proper evaluation of the performance level of all the employees is another prime way to handle diversified workforce in an appropriate way. Proper evaluation of the performance level allows organization to initiate recognition system in an appropriate manner. Thus, it actually will help to encourage employees to give their best for the fulfilment of the organizational objectives. Furthermore, effective utilization of recognition system allows organizations to provide clear career enhancement path for all the employees, which is expected to create positive impact on the performance level. However, Wrench (2016) have mentioned that it is necessary for the organizations to remain unbiased at the time of evaluating the performance level of all the employees. In fact, organizations also have to be unbiased at the time of recruiting any individuals from any community, as it is necessary for fulfilling the talent requirements of the organizations. Otherwise, the overall objective of utilizing diversified workforce would not able to create desired impact on the operational process of the organizations. As per the article by Richard, Kirby and Chadwick (2013) management of the organizations also need to develop such atmosphere where employees from different cultural background can communicate effectively with each other. It has been assessed that effective utilization of communication process among the people from diversified cultural background allows organizations to create strong bonding among the employees. As a result, it reduces the possibility of interpersonal conflicts, which eventually help to direct all the individuals to give their best for the fulfilment of organizational objectives (Madera, 2013). Furthermore, several organizations have also tried to educate employees regarding the maintenance of behaviours and attitudes towards the other employees. As it can have great impact on the employee coordination perspecti ves. Conclusion: The above discussion has highlighted the significance of including diversity at the workplace for fulfilling all the requirements of the organizations. The study has highlighted several benefits that organizations can able to achieve by effective utilization of employees from diversified culture. The study has highlighted that present globalize business environment has influenced organizations to include employees from all across the world. However, the study has also mentioned the kind of challenges that an organization will have to face regarding the improper utilization of the diversified workforce. Thus, the study has highlighted the fact that management of the organizations will have to play a crucial role in handling diversified workforce so that it can create positive impact on the business perspectives. References: Afzal, F., Mahmood, K., Samreen, F., Asim, M., Sajid, M. (2013). Comparison of Workforce Diversity in Public and Private Business Organizations. Barak, M. E. M. (2013).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. bloomberg.com (2016). Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 20 December 2016, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2016-12-15/examining-age-bias-in-the-workplace bna.com (2016). Bna.com. Retrieved 20 December 2016, from https://www.bna.com/talkin-bout-generations-n73014447789/workplace-age-diversity-lacking Harvey, C. P., Allard, M. (2015).Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. Jonsen, K., Tatli, A., zbilgin, M. F., Bell, M. P. (2013). The tragedy of the uncommons: Reframing workforce diversity.Human Relations,66(2), 271-294. Kirton, G., Greene, A. M. (2015).The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge. Lauring, J. (2013). International diversity management: Global ideals and local responses.British Journal of Management,24(2), 211-224. Madera, J. M. (2013). Best Practices in Diversity Management in Customer Service Organizations An Investigation of Top Companies Cited by Diversity Inc.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(2), 124-135. Martn Alczar, F., Miguel Romero Fernndez, P., Snchez Gardey, G. (2013). Workforce diversity in strategic human resource management models: A critical review of the literature and implications for future research.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,20(1), 39-49. Okoro, E. A., Washington, M. C. (2012). Workforce diversity and organizational communication: Analysis of human capital performance and productivity.Journal of Diversity Management (Online),7(1), 57. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C., Van Der Zee, K. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(2), 159-175. Richard, O. C., Kirby, S. L., Chadwick, K. (2013). The impact of racial and gender diversity in management on financial performance: How participative strategy making features can unleash a diversity advantage.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), 2571-2582. Wrench, J. (2014). Diversity management.Routledge International Handbook of Diversity Studies, 254. Wrench, J. (2016).Diversity management and discrimination: Immigrants and ethnic minorities in the EU. Routledge.

Othello By Shakespeare Essays (587 words) - Othello,

Othello By Shakespeare In the article, Othello and the pattern of Shakespearean Tragedy, by G.R. Hibbard published in 1968, Hibbard discusses how Othello, by William Shakespeare, stands apart from the rest of the Shakespearean Tragedies. He uses examples from the play to support his thesis of how the tragic pattern in Othello is very much different from that of the others. I agree with Hibbard's view on Othello and it's unique characteristics that set it apart from the traditional pattern of Shakespearean tragedies. Hibbard wrote his article using supporting points to show how Othello is set apart from the other plays. He describes the unrealistic events surrounding Othello being sent to Cyprus, where he is allowed to bring his new wife. Hibbard write that Iago's only goal in the play is to ruin Othello's life and does not want more political or military power, as in the other plays but wishes only to destroy all that is good and beautiful. All the other plays have plots where the events in the public follow the pattern of the events of the antagonist this is missing in Othello. "The pattern of the tragedy is a whirlpool, with its center in the poisoned mind of the hero which reshapes, distorts, and degrades objective reality." Unlike in the other Shakespearean tragedies Othello does not know the antagonist until the end of the play when it is too late to realize what has occurred. The ending of Othello is also unique, in this case good does not prevail over evil and unlike the other tragedies Othello seeks his own valediction and "the ruin is total". I agree with most of the authors points of discussion in this article. I agree that Othello is sent to Cyprus for the sole purpose of changing the scene to commence Iago's plan and that this is very different from the other plays where there are no such dramatic events that are discarded so quickly (the immediate sinking of the Turkish fleet). I see the ?whirlpool' pattern the author speaks of where Iago is at the center; this is clearly different from the other tragic plays where the direction is clear and straightforward. Unlike in MacBeth, or Romeo and Juliet, Othello does not know the antagonist until the end, I agree with this point because throughout the play it is clear that Othello trusts Iago completely and disbelieves any evidence that contradicts what he is saying. I also agree with Hibbard's point that in other Shakespearean tragedies the public events mirror the actions of the antagonist. Hibbard is right in saying that the ending is quite unique with the bodies being left on stage and the others quickly moving through the arrangements of distributing the assets, they learned no lessons as in Romeo and Juliet, they seemed almost unaffected by the deaths. The end was also unique because Othello killed himself, he knew he did wrong and punished himself, this does not occur in other tragedies. Although I support Hibbard in his thesis, I disagree with a few of his supporting arguments. It is true that Iago did want to destroy the lives of both Cassio and Othello, but did this because he felt that he deserved Cassio's position in the military. When Hibbard says, "The ruin is total" I think this is extreme. I feel that evil did not prevail, because Iago's plan did not succeed, neither good nor evil triumphed. In reading Hibbard's article I felt he did a good job at supporting his thesis. He provided the reader with enough information to understand why he chose his thesis and decide whether or not they agree with his points. He used appropriate references to support his ideas and backed up his points with specific events from the play.

The Worlds Funniest Dinosaur Jokes

The Worlds Funniest Dinosaur Jokes Dinosaurs have been the subjects of many serious movies, from King Kong in 1933 and its remakes, through animations such as The Land Before Time series, and on to later special-effects-laden extravaganzas including the Jurassic Park/World features. They are the focus of serious-minded research conducted in natural history museums and universities throughout the world. But dinosaurs have long been the focus of humor, including a bevy of jokes at the expense of these long-gone beasts, which roamed the earth millions of years ago. Here, then, is a crop of  the funniest jokes involving the  terrible lizards, better known as dinosaurs: Why do museums have old dinosaur bones?Because they cant afford new ones! What does a triceratops sit on?Its tricera-bottom! Why did the  tyrannosaur  cross the road?Because chickens hadnt evolved yet.Because it was chasing a chicken.Because it was being chased by a chicken. What’s the best way to talk to a  velociraptor?Long distance! How do you ask a tyrannosaur out to lunch?Tea, Rex? What was 30 feet long, had a two-foot-long beak, and left crumbs all over the mattress?Pretzelcoatlus! Dad:  Why are you crying?Son:  Because I wanted to get a dinosaur for my baby sister.Dad:  Thats no reason to cry.Son:  Yes, it is. No one would trade me! How do you know theres a seismosaurus under your bed?Because your nose is two inches from the ceiling! What’s better than a talking vulcanodon?A spelling bee! Whats worse than a giraffe with a sore throat?A tyrannosaur  with a giraffe in its throat! What do you call a gigantoraptor that wont stop talking?A dino-bore! Why cant you hear a pterosaur using the bathroom?Because the p is silent! How can you tell theres an allosaurus in your bed?By the bright red A on its pajamas. Person 1:  I keep seeing  pteranodons  with orange polka dots.Person 2: Have you seen an eye doctor yet?Person 1:  No, just pteranodons with orange polka dots! How can you tell theres a stegosaurus in your refrigerator?The door wont close! What family does shantungosaurus belong to?I dont know. I dont think any family in our neighborhood owns one! What has a prominent head crest, a duck-like bill, and 16 wheels?A Maiasaura on roller skates! Why did carnivorous dinosaurs eat raw meat?Because they didnt know how to barbecue! What has sharp fangs and sticks to the roof of your mouth?A peanut butter and jeholopterus sandwich. Child 1:  Hey, who stepped on your foot?Child 2:  Well, did you see that  gorgosaurus  over there?Child 1:  Yes.Child 2:  Well, I didnt! What do you call a terrible, horrible, unpleasant dinosaur?A thesaurus. What is a dinosaurs least favorite reindeer?Comet! Why dont dinosaurs ever forget?Because they never knew anything in the first place! What happened when the brachiosaurus took the train home?He had to bring it back! Whats purple and green and wont stop singing?Barney taking a shower! What do you say to a 10-ton Albertosaurus wearing earphones?Whatever you want. He cant hear you! Child 1:  I lost my pet  iguanodon!Child 2:  Why dont you put an ad in the paper?Child 1:  What good would that do? He cant read! What did dinosaurs use to make their hot dogs?Jurassic pork! Can you name 10 dinosaurs in 10 seconds?Yes, one gorgosaurus and nine velociraptors! What dinosaur could jump higher than a house?All of them. Houses cant jump! What should you do if you find a blue dilophosaurus?Try to cheer him up!

Managing performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing performance - Essay Example At the forefront of issues and challenges that many if not all great companies of the 21st century are confronted all pertain to its workforce particularly the areas of discipline and efficiency. Much has been undertaken and usually at great expense to effectively manage discipline and employee productivity. The fundamental principle in managing companies big or small is to manage a company’s performance you have to manage the performance of its employees, officials, supervisors and managers. This leads to the question what is managing performance? Most if not all views and general opinion regarding this idea all refer to the handling as to how a company’s ability to meet its goals. This is usually forwarded by looking into the nature as well as objectives of its employees to better motivate them as well to make the company’s part of their long term goals. To an extent â€Å"performance management includes activities to ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner† (McNamara, n.d.). It must be noted that the underlying fact is to be able to attain this by improving as well effectively managing the human element in a corporate setup. To arrive at a better characterization of managing performance it needs to put into context the said term in relation to the main focus of this paper. Moreover due to the complexity, multi – dimensional and multi level nature of managing performance it is necessary to narrow dow n any and all succeeding expositions. This in no way set to underscore the fact that all that the term managing performance encompasses as well as all the attached disciplines as well as topic areas are equally important. The point is to have focus as well as a refined discussion of managing performance in the context of this paper. Due to the explanative necessities of this paper the fundamental questions will also serve as the main objectives of the paper’s discussion. Moreover main discussion

Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Integrity - Essay Example about because it shares the same meaning with the other term; ‘flammable’ which many people would, and, in fact, should understand to be the opposite of the former. In the usage, and ordinarily in English. When the prefix ‘in’ in introduced before the main word stem, then the word created would be understood to mean the opposite of the original word (Kearns 34). In this ordinary sense, the term ‘inflammable’ would be understood to mean that substance that does not catch fire easily or non-combustible. This is because the original word, before the addition of the prefix, is ‘flammable’ and means that which catches fire easily. Secondly, the term ‘inflammable’ originated from the word ‘inflammare’. It is not clear whether this term ‘inflammare’ is a French or Latin word. It is, therefore, not clear where the origin of this term is, and thereby making it difficult to establish the exact meaning of the word. The only sure way of establishing the right meaning of this word is by attaching the prefix ‘in’ before the original word stem and giving it a negative meaning. In addition, when it comes to the current views and uses of the term, it is restricted within a given range of circumstances, which ensures that the common confusion, and especially that which can cause injury to life, does not arise. In this respect and because the term refers to what causes a destruction when mishandled the â€Å"flame†, the term has been widely used in non-technical and figurative contexts. An example could be in general speech where a speaker cold be said to ignite inflammable emotions in the crowd. The other term ‘flammable’ which has the same meaning as ‘inflammable’ is used with a lot of ease in technical circumstances. An example is when giving warnings to vehicles ferry substances which easily catch fire. It is in this regard that that I find it unsuitable that, two terms with the same meaning, i.e. the synonyms should have different

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Essay Border security continues to become a core policy development priority for the United States because this cuts across various issues faced by the country including illegal immigration, drug trafficking, human trafficking, smuggling, and terrorism. Congressional debates center on two issues, the focus of border security efforts in relation to budget allocation and means of improving border security (Sullivan, 2009) as a preventive measure instead of a reactive process as in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. Border security involves the patrol of the 6,000 miles of land border with Mexico and Canada and 2,000 miles of coastal waters of Florida and Puerto Rico. The task of border patrol is to identify and assess potential threats and respond effectively. However, even with a large workforce of 30,000, border security has jurisdiction over a large and widespread area encompassing land, sea and air space. (Customs Border Protection, 2009) Patrolling a large area and simultaneously handling the issues of illegal immigration, drug trafficking, smuggling, and terrorist threats makes border security a daunting task because of the limitations in the vantage point of land and sea mobile personnel. This led to efforts to adopt unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as an integral technology for border patrol. Unmanned aerial vehicles refer to aircrafts without a pilot on board and controlled from the ground. These are fitted with sensors that transmit data to orbiting satellites that in turn bounce data to receivers on the ground. The transmission of data takes seconds to happen so that the receipt of data is almost instantaneous. UAVs can fly long distances at high altitudes or short distances at lower altitudes depending on the purpose of use. High altitude flights can provide information on large targets such as trucks while low altitude flights provide better information on smaller targets such as humans. (Valavanis, 2007, p. 533) As a border patrol technology, UAVs fill the limitations of the land and sea vantage points. History and Uses of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Unmanned aerial vehicles have existed for more than a century and continued to evolve with the development of technologies to improve flight control and dynamics as well as imaging and data acquisition and transmission. UAVs developed as a military initiative and it was only in the past few decades that UAV found non-military or civil use. With its roots in the military, the Department of National Defense defined UAVs as â€Å"a powered aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or non-lethal payload† (Valavanis, 2007, p. 533). The definition clarifies the capabilities of UAVs, its possible purposes, and the innovative developments that accumulated over the decades. The idea of unmanned aerial vehicles existed as early as the First World War. The idea targeted improvements in the discharge or delivery of guided missiles. However, existing technology was unable to facilitate the development of the flight control system needed to have a functioning unmanned aircraft delivering missiles to the enemy’s territory. The gyroscopic devices developed by Elmer Sperry in 1909 became the predecessor of inertia navigation system applied in modern UAVs. At the same time, the Western Electric Company also developed radio control technology for the remote piloting of aircraft. Radio control together with inertia navigation system paved the way for the development of UAVs. These technologies were adopted by the military in developing a cruising missile but efforts met problems. UAVs were used instead as target drones for anti-aircraft practice and actual warfare countermeasures. This was the first use of UAVs. However, the navy continued research into flight control and navigation initiatives that included the fitting of RCA cameras and radar guidance system to improve control and make drones capable of delivering missiles. Developments led to the use of UAVs as target drones in World War II. (Zaloga Palmer, 2008, pp. 4-9) After the Second World War, the UAVs further evolved into tools in espionage during the Cold War. While control and guidance of the drones continued as an area of innovation, greater focus was given to the image capture capability of UAVs for surveillance. During the 1950s, surveillance UAVs were fitted with daylight and infrared cameras, rocket-assisted takeoff, radar tracking, and radio control. The shooting down of a manned aircraft resulting to the capture of pilots renewed development efforts in the 1970s. Drones became decoys until the Russian radar technology developed to make decoys ineffective. Efforts focused on developing drones with reduced radar signature, increased range, and improved flight control. The new drones were christened as lighting bugs and used in the Vietnam War. (Zaloga Palmer, 2008, pp. 10-12) After the Cold War, technology innovation on UAVs continued in support for combat operations. The 1980s witnessed key developments including improved satellite communications, compact or miniature technology, and state of the art sensors. Improved data and imagery and better navigation control led to the use of UAVs for â€Å"intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and for time critical targeting† (p. 1). The development in UAVs split into technology for small and large UAVs. The size was a consideration because of differences in navigation control and capabilities. In large UAVs, the flight and retrieval control is separable from its data and imaging functions so that it can transmit information via satellite links while on flight while in small UAVs retrieval of the aircraft is necessary before obtaining information. (Drew et al. , 2005, p. 1) Now, the uses of UAVs are increasing. Traffic control is one use of UAVs because its aerial view provides accurate information on traffic conditions over a particular area. Search and rescue operations also benefit from UAVs providing an initial view of the situation in conditions unsafe for manned aircraft. (Borchardt, 2004, p. 28) Recently, small UAVs were used to gather data and assess the damage caused by Hurricane Wilma in areas inaccessible due to flooding and blocked roads (Murphy et al. , 2008, p. 164). NASA also developed sensor technology for the monitoring of pollution and measurement of ozone levels using UAVs. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology integrated global positioning technology and video camera control in UAVs for sensing toxic substances and contaminated areas. The Department of Energy also announced the development of radiation sensor for UAVs for use in detecting nuclear accidents. (Bolkcom Nunez-Neto, 2008, p. 2) Different data processing, imaging and other features evolve depending on the purpose intended for UAVs.